Return to Russia
Return to Russia
  • About
  • Abstract | Research
  • Resources
  • Author: C. Waddell
  • Site Visits
  • Contact
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    • About
    • Abstract | Research
    • Resources
    • Author: C. Waddell
    • Site Visits
    • Contact
  • About
  • Abstract | Research
  • Resources
  • Author: C. Waddell
  • Site Visits
  • Contact

Understanding Russia's soft power strategy

The "War of information"

S.P.E.F. Web-Based App

"The information domain is perhaps the most consequential terrain that Putin is contesting and that it is an essential theater of the broader, emerging, persistent, asymmetric competition between liberal democracies and their authoritarian challengers" - B. Schafer, R. Dean Wilson, J. Brandt

Advanced Independent Research Project (AIS)

Independent Research

  • My aim is to create a space for thinking about both the risks of social media outlets that are infiltrated by Russian propaganda and the benefits of citizen diplomacy. 


  • Through this project, I recognized that there was not a reliable way to evaluate if a site was safe or not from Russian propaganda. I developed a framework that provides an a numeric value indicating to people if they are engaging with authentic or manipulated cultural, educational, or online organizations.  


  • The SPEF measures both the violence of the Russian government and its tyrannical aims, while also recognizing the humanity of Russian speakers and Russians who are not affiliated with Putin or his regime and who similarly condemn its actions.

Return to Russia

My website and AIS project are works in progress. Components include: 


  • a bibliography;
  • a resource base;
  • a 20-page paper; 
  • S.P.E.F. app 


As I continue to develop my project, I will add my interviews, site visits, and additional resources. 

S.P.E.F. Web-based App

S.P.E.F Mobile App

  • About
  • Abstract | Research
  • Resources
  • Author: C. Waddell
  • Site Visits
  • Contact

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